Evaluating The Mental Health Of The Students And Screen...

Out of a population of 900 students, 352 people participated in the survey. A total of 173 students or 51.8 percent of the participants had paid tuition fees. Of those who participated, 250 students had acquired monetary aid from their parents. Of those who borrowed money from their parents, 148 believed that the financial help caused unduly stress on their families (Ross, et al., 2006). A total of 34 student applied for financial hardships funds, with 15 receiving assistance. One hundred three students were employed, working a median of 11.5 hours per week. The number of hours worked did not affect debt or student performance (Ross, et al., 2006). The questionnaire included questions about basic demographics, debt, and income†¦show more content†¦Only three percent of students reported never worrying about their debt. Thirty-seven percent thought that stress affected their performance greatly. The only stressor considered to cause more worry than money is coursewor k (Ross, et al., 2006). The researchers concluded that worry about debt can contribute to poorer performance and they continued to conclude that bringing in more grants and educational scholarships for medical students would help with stress and debt and bring more people into the field (Ross, et al., 2006). The researchers correlated debt to the locations of the students’ childhood homes, social class, amount of time spent in college, and amount of time spent in medical school, but no significant relation to income occurred (Ross, et al., 2006). The debt correlation to year in medical school determined that students working to obtain a higher degree accumulated more debt. Students living outside of the UK accrued lower debt than those living within the UK (Ross, et al., 2006). The determination that income does not relate to student debt is a flawed statement. A person’s job determines by his/her income, and many people’s jobs are determined by the location in which they live. So me locations may have a better socioeconomic status than others.

Diabetes Mellitus A Serious Chronic Metabolic Disorder...

Diabetes Mellitus MED 2056 Michela Leytham 12/7/2014 FT029 Jessica Ferreira Diabetes Mellitus is a serious chronic metabolic disorder associated with high blood sugar that affects the body’s ability to metabolize nutrients and use them as fuel. Normally the body uses carbohydrates and sugars that are eaten and breaks them down into a usable sugar in the body called glucose. Glucose has the ability to fuel the body and supply it with the energy it needs for daily activities. In order for the body to break down the carbohydrates and sugars into the usable glucose the body needs a vital hormone called insulin which allows glucose to enter the cells and leave the blood stream. With diabetes mellitus the body either doesn’t make enough insulin or it has difficulty using the insulin that it does produce. In the absence of insulin the body has a buildup of glucose in the bloodstream. High levels of blood glucose leads to very serious health conditions because it destroys the tiny blood vessels in the kidneys, eyes, heart, and nervous system. With Diab etes there are two types to consider when knowing what is causing it and how to treat it. Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes are very different but both result in dangerously high blood sugars. Type 1 diabetes is usually caused by an autoimmune condition in which the beta cells that produce insulin are destroyed. The typical onset of thisShow MoreRelatedDiabetes Mellitus And The Long Term Complications1385 Words   |  6 Pagesgeneral idea of diabetes mellitus, epidemiology, role factors and complications that arise from it, comparing and exhibiting the distinctions between type I type II diabetes, the people who are in jeopardy of developing diabetic renal diseases and hypertension due to the complications identifying the general pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus the long term complications that may transpire. 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A basic review of the digestive process will help us in understanding this illness; the metabolismRead MoreDiabetes And How It Affects A Person1590 Words   |  7 PagesDiabetes And How it Affects a Person Day-To-Day Life Diabetes is a metabolic disease in which the body s inability to produce any or enough insulin causes elevated levels of glucose in the blood. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that allows your body to use sugar (glucose) from carbohydrates in the food that you eat for energy or to store glucose for future use. Insulin helps keeps your blood sugar level from getting too high or too low. When someone has diabetes and lacks insulinRead MoreA Brief Note On Diabetes Mellitus And Mellitus2107 Words   |  9 PagesDiabetes mellitus is usually a lifelong metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia or high sugar levels in the blood; can be caused by lack of insulin, insulin resistance, or both. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar. It controls the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats that the body used for energy. Without insulin, glucose (sugar) in the blood builds up causing hyperglycemia. There are 3 classic symptoms of diabetes; the 3 P s: polyuria which defines as frequentRead MoreEssay about The Endocrine System1431 Words   |  6 Pagesbe due to hyper secretion or hypo secretion. The hormones secreted by the endocrine glands regulate the growth, development and function of many tissues, and coà ¶rdinate the bodys metabolic processes (pp. 294-296). An inadequate secretion of hormones may cause disorders in the body, which on occasion may result in serious health consequences. The major endocrine glands are the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, pineal gland, thymus gland, and reproductive

Bikini Marshall Islands Free Essays

Kali Jerman Human Geography Art Marshall 15 December 2007 Marshall Islands: The Bikini Atoll The Marshall Islands are composed of twenty nine atolls and five islands. An atoll is a circular or oval shaped coal reef islands that encircle a shallow lagoon. It is located in the Pacific Ocean and is part of Micronesia (McGinley). We will write a custom essay sample on Bikini Marshall Islands or any similar topic only for you Order Now First discovered by Spanish in the 1600’s, the islands were mostly used for its natural resources, particularly copra oil found in coconuts. Despite these trade connections, the native Bikinians remained very isolated and did not maintain contact with the Spanish.Their lives were extremely interwoven and their social structure was tight knit. They had integrated extended families and complex traditions passed down from generation to generation. In the early 1900’s the Japanese began to govern Bikini. During World War II the Japanese were afraid of American invasion of the Marshall Islands. Therefore a watchtower was constructed on Bikini to guard against the Americans and it also served as an outpost for Japanese military headquarters who were stationed in the Kwajalein Atoll. In early 1944, the Americans captured Kwajelein, and overtook Japanese control of the Marshall Islands (Radiological Conditions at Bikini Atoll and the Prospects of Resettlement). After WWII, American president Harry Truman issued a statement declaring that American warships, equipment, and material were in need of testing to determine the effects of nuclear substances. Because of Bikini Island’s isolation, it was chosen as the nuclear testing ground. In February 1946 Commodore Ben Wyatt, the military governor of the Marshall, traveled to Bikini to discuss temporary relocation with the 167 Bikinians.King Juda, leader of the Bikinians, reluctantly agreed. The Bikinians were relocated 125 miles east to Ronjerik Atoll. Ronjerik was uninhibited at the time because it is one sixth the size of Bikini, and believed to be unlivable. Upon arrival the United States gave the Bikinian food stores for several months, however the fish proved to be inedible, and the trees did not produce enough fruit to live on. The Bikinians struggles to survive in their new environment with such a low amount of sustenance (Niedenthal). Operation Crossroads was the first set of tests to take place. It consisted of two detonations, each 21 kilotons.The first was ABLE detonated on July 1, 1946, and the second was BAKER, detonated July 25. A third CHARLIE, was canceled shortly after BAKER produced more radiation than expected (U. S. Defense Nuclear Agency). The State of malnutrition was worsening on Ronjerik Island and after a United States health official visited the island, it was declared an insufficient food source to withstand a population. The Bikinians were set to be relocated again to Ujelang Atoll, which is a western Marshall island. However shortly before their move, Enewetak Atoll was selected as a second nuclear testing site.The inhabitants of this island, the Enewetaks, were slated to be moved to Ujelang instead of the Bikinians. The Bikinians were forced to remain on Ronjerik. Food supplies were provided to the people for the remainder of their time on the island (Radiological Conditions at Bikini Atoll and the Prospects of Resettlement). After nearly two years of living on Ronjerik, the Bikinians were finally relocated to the Kwajalein Atoll. This move was temporary until the land on Kili Island could be cleared and housing could be built. After six months, Kili Island was prepared for inhabitance.The Bikinians settled on Kili but found the same problems as was on Ronjerik. Food supplies were low and fishing was impossible. Rations and emergency food drops were the only way the Bikinians could survive on their new island (Radiological Conditions at Bikini Atoll and the Prospects of Resettlement). While the Bikinians were settling on Kili Island, The United States was planning the detonation of a hydrogen bomb. A 10. 4 megaton bomb, BRAVO, was detonated on November 1, 1952 at Enewatak. The bomb vaporized an entire island, and left a crater 175 feet deep.The fallout from this hydrogen bomb far exceeded the expectations of scientists. ON nearby Rongelap, inhabitants were coated in white fallout ash, and a two inch coating covered the land and water. Soon radioactive elemental exposure was seen in the people. They became violently ill and lost their hair. They were taken to Kwajaleip for medical treatment by the United Sates and relocated to Ejit Island. Long term effects of radiation are still a serious concern for all who were exposed to radioactive fallout (Hamilton). On Bikini the radiation levels dramatically increased after BRAVO.The island was considered off limits until 1967, when the United States began considering moving the Bikinis back to their original home. Considerable testing was conducted in order to get an accurate reading of current radioactivity and it was determined the exposure present did not pose a significant health threat. Beginning in 1969, radioactive land and debris were cleared from Bikini, crops and vegetation were replanted, and housing was established over the course of eight years. During this time approximately 100 Bikinians moved to Bikini. The remainder of the population refused to move back to there homeland in fear of high radiation levels (Radiological Conditions at Bikini Atoll and the Prospects of Resettlement). In April 1978, medical examinations of the Bikinians living on Bikini showed there radiation levels to have increased 11 times that of when they first moved, and that the levels were much higher than the maximum allowable levels in the United States. The people of Bikini were to be immediately removed from the island once again. Bikini remains uninhabited by natives to this day (â€Å"Blunder on Bikini Island†).The United States is currently responsible for paying reparations for the destruction of numerous islands in the Marshall Islands area totaling 94 million dollars. These funds include providing foot, administering medical services, cleanup of various contaminated islands, and construction and resettlement projects for natives. However this has been occurring for many years and is nowhere near complete. The Bikinians are in favor of a 15 inch soil removal to ensure their safety, however scientists believe this would cause the island to become a windswept wasteland.Scientists prefer the method of spreading potassium on the topsoil which prevents the uptake of radioactive materials into plants. The Bikinians are not convinced however and a plan has yet to be made. Tentatively an agreement may be reached upon the basis of clearing the soil of the living region and spreading potassium on the uninhabited region (Niedenthal). The future of the Bikinians and their homeland is still uncertain. What we do know is that the Bikinians were wrongfully subject to the powers colonization which ultimately led to the destruction and demise of many of their native regions.In this region, government intervention has not been positive but has only had a negative impact on the culture, environment, and general well being of this group of people. The welfare of a group of people was completely disregarded and the world continues to feel the repercussions of the nuclear bomb testing in the Marshall Islands.Works Cited â€Å"Blunder on Bikini Island†. Time Magazine April 3, 1978. New York, New York. Dec. 14, 2007. Hamilton, Terry. â€Å"Radiological Conditions on Rongelap Atoll: Perspective on Resettlement of Rongelap Island†. Feb. 2003. 14 Dec. 2007. McGinley, Mark, J. Emmett Duffy. â€Å"Atoll. † In Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. Cutler J. Cleveland Washington, D. C. : Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment. Encyclopedia of Earth March 7, 2007. December 16, 2007 Niedenthal, Jack. Homepage. Bikini Atoll. United States. 14 Dec. 2007. â€Å"Radiological Conditions at Bikini Atoll and the Prospects of Resettlement†. International Atomic Energy Agency. Vienna, Austria 2003. Dec. 14, 2007. U. S. Defense Nuclear Agency. â€Å"Operation Crossroads, 1946†. Washington: Defense Nuclear Agency, 1984. Dec 14, 2007. How to cite Bikini Marshall Islands, Papers

India Foreign Policy free essay sample

India too has one. Foreign policy refers to the sum total of principles, interests and objectives which a country promotes while interacting with other countries. Even though there are certain basic features of a foreign policy it is not a fixed concept. The thrust of foreign policy keeps on changing according to changing international conditions. India’s foreign policy is shaped by several factors including its history, culture, geography and economy. Our Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, gave a definite shape to the country’s foreign policy. The Republic of India is the second most populous country and the world’s most-populous democracy and has one of the fastest economic growth rates in the world. With the world’s tenth largest military expenditures and eleventh largest economy by nominal rates or fourth largest by purchasing power parity, India is considered to be a regional power and a potential global power. It is India’s growing international influence that increasingly gives it a more prominent voice in global affairs. India has historically played a prominent role in several international organizations. It has a long history of collaboration with several countries and is considered a leader of the developing world. India was one of the founding members of several international organizations, most notably the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Asian Development Bank and the G20 industrial nations. India has also played an important and influential role in other international organizations like East Asia Summit World Trade Organization, International Monetary Fund (IMF) G8+5, and IBSA Dialogue Forum Regional organizations. India is also a member. India has taken part in several UN peacekeeping missions and in 2007 it was the secondlargest troop contributor to the United Nations. India is currently seeking a permanent seat in the UN Security Council, along with the G4 nations. Chanakya Desk 2001 and early 2002 following an attack on the Indian Parliament. While India’s military is vastly larger than Pakistan’s, this numerical supremacy is somewhat mitigated by the topographic limitations of their western border, which restricts the number of troops that India could deploy against Pakistan at any one time. Further, India also has tense relations with another of its neighbors, China. In 1962, the two nations fought a war, lost quickly by India, a fact that has long stuck in the memories of many Indian military officers. While India has committed to expanding and modernizing its Air Force, and maintaining the stature and strength of its Army, three principal reasons have motivated their desire to expand their blue water navy. First is the need to counter China’s expansion into the region. Second, the need to ensure the continued safe flow of goods and natural resources through the Bay of Bengal and finally, is India’s desire for a submarine force. Further another issue of concern to India is inter-border terrorism. Pakistan has used its soil to train terrorists against Indians. The parliament attack has been major incidence of terrorist attack. The Jammu and Kashmir region has been in midst of terrorist attacks. Except for its engagements with Pakistan and China, India’s military has not been called upon regionally in some while. The nation is wary of such activity since its disastrous expedition to Sri Lanka in the late 1980’s in which India became dragged into the internal conflict, and which eventually led to the assassination in 1991 of India’s former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi. More conventionally, India uses its diplomatic and economic leverage and soft power to help mitigate the conflicts of its neighbors, particularly Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh. India, the United States, and the United Kingdom together played a powerful role in persuading Nepal’s King Gyanendra to stand down in February 2005. India continues to have influence in Sri Lanka and in Bangladesh and provide a demonstration effect for democracy to these countries. In Afghanistan too, India has built on its long-standing relationship with the Northern Alliance and Prime Minister Hamid Karzai to support stability and growth in the country, including providing over $750 million in assistance and infrastructure support. It should be noted that India’s interest in Afghanistan is not just historical: lying as it does on Pakistan’s western border, close relations with Afghanistan (as with Iran) constitutes a significant strategic asset to India. What Drives India’s Foreign Policy Today? In general, India’s foreign policy is driven by five principal considerations, through which lie its relationships to countries in international comity. Concern of conventional security As is necessary for any nation, India’s principal priority is ensuring conventional security for its country and its people. In recent years, India has built up a strong and capable Army, Navy and Air Force: the third, fourth and seventh largest in the world respectively. India’s main conventional threat is perceived to be Pakistan. These two nations had a military stand-off in late   Economic Growth Economic growth is another sphere, which influences India’s foreign policy. Following the 1991 economic reforms led by the then-Finance Minister Manmohan 91 Singh, growth tripled, reaching 8% in 2004. The government is forecasting up to 10% growth, second only to that of China, for the coming decade. Historically, India’s growth has been internally driven, stemming largely from its past socialist ideology. Now increasingly India is attracting foreign investment and drawing on international resources and markets to support this growth. In 2010 several important trade agreements have been signed with the US, France, Russia and China. In the early 1990’s, the Indian Government launched a â€Å"Look East† policy intended to promote engagement between India and its South East Asian neighbors . The raison d’etre of this policy was economic. This policy never truly realized the hoped for benefits, in large part due to the 1997 financial crisis that interrupted economic development in the region. Nevertheless, today India is increasingly engaging with the Association for South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) including working on a Free Trade Agreement (FTA), and continues to engage bilaterally with the members and others with trade agreements completed or in process with countries such as Thailand, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Korea, Singapore and Japan. eapon powers on its borders – China and Pakistan and one would-be nuclear weapons power in its immediate locale – Iran. As seen through historical facts, relations with these first two powers are unstable; India has fought wars with both in recent decades and tensions rise and fall over border disagreements. In this context, India continues to attend to its own nuclear resources, and is very sensitive to intimidation of control by any other power. The-BJP-led Government in 1998 conducted nuclear tests to respond to what was perceived as the principal nuclear threat coming from China. As the scenario is perceived by my eyes, India will continue to build its capabilities in this area until it achieves a â€Å"credible minimum deterrent† that is capable of countering not just China’s nuclear weapons but also Pakistan’s. Further with the civil nuclear treaty with US and NSG passage, India can have nuclear trade with different countries. Major countries have sought to ease nuclear trade with India such as US, Britain and Russia. Thus India needs to build its nuclear capability in order to gain stature in international scenario, though it needs to continue raising its voice against nuclear proliferation. Energy Security Further in order to sustain economic growth at around 10%, India must ensure energy security its third major area of focus. As per statistics, India currently imports 70% of its oil and 50% of its gas; by 2025 it is projected that India will import 80% of its energy needs. In an effort to ensure access to energy resources, India will continue to focus on the Middle East region (which supplies two-thirds of their oil), and particularly on Iran. Iran currently provides 10% of India’s oil (its fourth largest provider after Saudi Arabia, Nigeria and Kuwait) and, albeit unlikely, if the proposed pipeline from Iran through Pakistan to India becomes a reality, the three nations will be tied more intimately together, something that has both positive and negative consequences. In addition to the Gulf, India, like China, is expanding its search for energy resources beyond its immediate neighborhood into Africa and Latin America. Today India only gets 3% of its electricity generation from nuclear power (compared to 30% in Japan and 78% in France); it wants to expand its nuclear energy production by 9% a year through to 2050. This current low level of production was one of the driving factors behind the July 2005 civilian nuclear agreement between India and the United States. On August 18, 2008 the IAEA Board of Governors approved, and on February 2, 2009, India signed an India-specific safeguards agreement with the IAEA. The 45-nation NSG granted the waiver to India on September 6, 2008 allowing it to access civilian nuclear technology and fuel from other countries. The implementation of this waiver makes India the only known country with nuclear weapons, which is not a party to the Non Proliferation Treaty (NPT), but is still allowed to carry out nuclear commerce with the rest of the world. Thus India’s foreign policy is shaped a lot by its energy needs. Stature in comity of nations The final priority to me of New Delhi’s government is for the need of India to take its â€Å"rightful† place on the global stage. In so doing, they will recognize the importance of building their strategic stature and leadership. Despite already being a leader of the developing world, India wants its status recognized in the developed world. Given South Asia’s instability, there is much scope for India to focus these assets on helping to alleviate the conflicts in its neighborhood mentioned earlier such as those in Nepal, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. India’s positive role in Afghanistan is also now recognized by the US, France and Britain. India has an impressive array of memberships of regional organizations and continues to drive for more including a formal association with the Associated of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and joining the AsiaPacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) group. India is also thinking globally, whether through UN peacekeeping or in its bid to become a permanent member of the UN Security Council. In 2010, heads of state of the US, France and Britain accepted the rightful place of India as Security Council. While thus far the goal of a permanent seat has been unsuccessful, it has resulted in a number of indirect benefits in raising its profile as a serious contender following UN reform. Meanwhile, India continues to lead the G77 and the Non-Aligned Movement and in this capacity negotiates on behalf of the developing nations in the UN General Assembly and WTO Doha talks. India has thus improved relationships with the US, France, Japan and Britain. Russia has also recognized the growing power of India. However relations with China are still tense because of border disputes. Similarly with Pakistan too on the issue of terrorism and Kashmir issue tension continues. Given India’s impressive military and soft-power capabilities, as India builds confidence and finds its voice, anticipate that it will become more active in helping to create a regional security regime and in pushing stability outwards.

Art and the Post Impressionism Movement essays

Art and the Post Impressionism Movement essays Art critics first used the term "post-impressionistic" in 1911 to loosely describe the work of a few artists whose paintings reflect Impressionistic principles but were created after the movement had lost favor in the late seventeenth century (around 1885). Significant artists whose works have been defined in this category include Paul CÃ ©zanne (1839-1906), Paul Gauguin (1848-1903) and Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890). Post-Impressionists, these few in particular, pushed Impressionist principles further than they had previously been explored. Those styles and techniques valued in this period focus on the painting of personal impressions (unlike earlier traditional painting) and a freer and more innovative use of color to convey the mood or emotional feeling derived from the subject, as opposed to the fairly realistic, if often pastel-like (due to a desire to illuminate their work), use of color promoted by the Impressionists. In order to understand Post-Impressionism, the principles of the Impressionist movement have to be understood. The background from which Impressionism sprung was a period of industrial progress and a vibrant social scene. In Paris, some artists explored new ways of expression and broke free from the established French painting traditions enforced by the Salon. Artists took advantage of the contemporary scientific discoveries and industrialization to improve the color, lifespan, accessibility and general quality of the media (eg. The creation of smaller lightweight canvases for "plein air" painting, artificial paint pigments, and the invention of the collapsible metal paint tube in 1840 for easier transport). The primary school or group of painters established in the Post-Impressionist movement was called the Nabis School or the Pont-Aven group (after the France village where they were based). Gauguin was a founding member of the school, becoming the primary mentor of the group, and others looked to him for guidance...

Kantian and Utilitarian Ethics

Kantian and Utilitarian Ethics A look at the way the society functions often shows that ethics play a critical role in balancing the developments in the ethical and economic realms of the society. Oscar Romero focused on moral and religious teachings, which had a resounding effect on the public and political discourse in Salvador.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Kantian and Utilitarian Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Having ascended to the position of the Archbishop at the time when a civil war had broken up in Salvador, Romero was a key force in determining the fate and the identity of Salvador. The civil war in Salvador was largely fueled by economic forces, mainly the struggle for land, which later took other dimensions like the religious dimension. As a religious leader, Romero made a substantial number of moral judgments that were favorable in restoring the identity of Salvador by way of propelling the Salvadorians towards promot ing a course for social justice. Romero asserted that, â€Å"I will not tire of declaring that if we really want an effective end to violence we must remove the violence that lies at the root of all violence: structural violence, social injustice, exclusion of citizens from the management of the country, repression† (Romero 2). Here, it makes sense to bring in the observation by Immanuel Kant, who was very passionate about the subject of goodwill and enshrined in the actions of people. Kant opines that, â€Å"further still; if nature has put little sympathy in the heart of this or that man; if he, supposed to be an upright man, is by temperament cold and indifferent to the sufferings of others (Kant 196). Here, the most important thing to do is to assess whether Romero was sympathetic in his religious course. Romero was articulate in the manner in which he looked at religion as a possible factor in uniting Salvador. This comes out in the assertion that, Romero valued the mor al attribute of equality by insisting on the fact that men were equal to women and both had a role to play in the continuity of the society.Advertising Looking for assessment on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In other words, it can be argued that Romero was sympathetic to the people of Salvador, thus he decided to address the suffrage of the people of Salvador by helping them to promote a social course to address their own social problems. It is through this doctrine that most of the issues regarding the conflict over land in Salvador were solved. The likening of the historical suffering of the people of Salvador to the suffering of Christ was a critical step in fueling the search for equality and identity of the people of Salvador. Perhaps, it is more meaningful to bring in the argument about moral course as promoted by John Stuart Mill on moral course through the principle of utilitarianism. It is also worth bringing in the observation that, â€Å"utilitarianism, therefore, could only attain its end by the general cultivation of nobleness of character, even if each individual were only benefited by the nobleness of others, and his own, so far as happiness is concerned, were a sheer deduction from the benefit† (Mills 234). According to the works of Romero, it eludes a lot of confidence to conclude that Romero maintains a noble character not only on his part, but also on the part of the Salvadorians for whom he seeks justice and a social course. Though it takes place through a intense social course, it has desirable intentions of promoting a just society. A look at the ethical works by Romero denotes the embrace of what can be termed as liberation theology. The question that ought to be answered at this point is how the actions and practices that were embraced by Romero can be likened to the utilitarian philosophy as embraced by Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill. Utilitaria nism is a philosophy that alleges that people are supposed to embrace actions that maximize happiness over pain. One critical observation that was made by Kant is that the maximization of utility is highly required because it promotes the well-being of people in the society.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Kantian and Utilitarian Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, in a similar sense, Kant observes that there are certain circumstances where the maximization of utility is undesirable as it contributes to human suffering. Turning back to the works and activities of Romero, it is apparent that Romero was a utilitarian philosopher in the sense that he supported a cause whose aim was to enhance the identity of the people of Salvador. The worth of men is derived from freedom, which is the key characteristic as far as differentiating man from other creatures is concerned. However, the other critical conce rn that was raised by Kant is the manner in which freedom is attained by human beings, which in turn promotes the happiness of people. This is an important point because a lot of people desire and press for freedom without considering the level at which the paths that they pursue promote the well-being or the happiness of other people. What comes into the mind at this point is whether the paths that were used by Romero to attain happiness for the people of Salvador embraced a course of justice for all people in the society. The most intriguing thing is that Kant is seen as mounting opposition to utilitarianism because he sees it as a moral principle that pays more attention to the outcomes of actions, devoid of paying attention to the morality that lies in the paths that are used to gain happiness. Based on the argument by Kant about the need to embrace morality in the practices that are supposed to result in happiness, it is imperative to note that the vision of good living conditi ons in Salvador as embedded in the social and religious course of Romero paid a lot of attention to the minimization of actions that could result in harming the society. Romero was quite attentive to the observation of morality in the course that he promoted. Here, it makes sense to conclude that Romero kept his actions within the confines of order in the sense that he did not want to see anybody harmed through the cause that he was promoting in Salvador. As one of the liberal thinkers of the 19th century, John Stuart Mills brings in the concept of maximizing welfare as the desirable end result of the actions of people in the society.Advertising Looking for assessment on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Mill was very articulate on the issue of moral motivation when it comes to the maximization of the welfare of the people. When speaking of welfare, it makes sense to observe that Romero was one of the people who pushed for a social cause that sought to promote the welfare of the people in Salvador. Kant, Immanuel. Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals. In Gordon, Marino D. Ethics: The Essential Writings. New York: Modern Library, 2010. Print. Mill, John Stuart. Utilitarianism. In Gordon, Marino D. Ethics: The Essential Writings. New York: Modern Library, 2010. Print. Romero, Oscar. Archbishop Oscar Romero. Web.

Letter to the editor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Letter to the editor - Essay Example The students are up in arms because they claim the university president’s position suggests that deaf individuals â€Å"need to be fixed† and are in some way deficient, inferior, or second-class to other students. The university president’s position, on the contrary, is that all individuals should have access to any avenue of coping with deafness; she claims that the university should endorse freedom of choice with regard to cochlear implants. She states that no one option or approach with regard to surviving as a deaf student should be mandated universally by the university. My own opinion on this issue is that the deaf students protesting at Gallaudet are wrong and that they are trying to impose one perspective: deafness is a personal identity similar to sexual orientation, for example. I believe the students’ position is restrictive, defensive, and inappropriate for a university to uphold. The students’ position is restrictive of personal freedom in that it seeks to limit the choices that a deaf student and his/her family face with regard to the student’s coping strategies. The Gallaudet protestors claim that there is only one righteous way to manage deafness, namely by accepting one’s deafness and committing to living with the disability as a kind of personal destiny. While I am totally supportive of any pride that deaf individuals may feel about their strengths and virtues in managing the disability while living in a deaf community, attending a deaf university, and communicating in American Sign Language at high levels of proficiency, I find their attempt to force all deaf persons to follow a similar path highly dogmatic and obstructive. Vermeulen, Bon, Schreuder, Knoors, and Snik completed a study on reading comprehension with two groups of 16 children. Pre-lingual deaf children with cochlear implants were

Abstract article on evolution of hazardous explosives emergency Research Paper

Abstract article on evolution of hazardous explosives emergency response - Research Paper Example The trend today has been the development of realistic plans which are put down on paper. It is however noted that the emphasis of putting such plans on paper has to some extent drawn focus away from the planning process itself and from the original goal of ensuring that the community is well prepared in the case of emergencies. Unlike in previous times when emergency response was the preserve of federal, regional and local governments, the activity today involves policy makers, law enforcement agencies as well as the military. With regard to terrorism, a lot of emphasis has been put on understanding the way human beings behave when subjected to stress based on information logically drawn from past studies on technological and natural disasters. Explosion emergency preparedness and response today involves the sharing of information and cooperative planning among a diversity of parties unlike what used to happen a couple of decades ago. One of the main concerns when it comes to emergency response planning and execution is citizen panic. Based on past experiences with natural and technological disasters, new models of human behaviour in the event of different explosive disasters have been developed. A lot of variations in human behaviour in disasters are based on the effects and nature of the agents that cause the explosion. Past studies have shown that some agents cause higher and more acute fear levels as compared to others. Some of the elements that have been considered by emergency planners and responders in the event of disasters include the patterns of citizen response which are impacted by such factors as disaster syndrome, and panic among other factors. In general, it is noted that the response of citizens in the event of disasters such as explosions can be predicted. The outcome of such disasters on victims and citizens to a large extent can be extrapolated from past literature on people’s responses to

The Digestive System Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

The Digestive System - Coursework Example Recently regenerative medicine has become a fact in science and used in areas of cell therapies in advancement of cardiac stem cells to improve hearts function due to heart failures. In addition, it is used in tissue engineering in growing organs such as cartilage, bladders, skin, urine tubes, blood vessels and trachea in the lab and implanted in human beings. In the talk, Ted highlights how Institute of Regenerative Medicine is working on the replacement of organs and tissues and cell therapies. He shows how the human kidney can be engineered and how solid organs such as the kidney, liver, pancreas, and the heart holy grails foe conducting tissue engineering. He demonstrates how a 3-D printing technology is used to concrete structures such as the kidney and structured tissues like the ear. Additionally, he outlines how to use the patient data, for instance, a CT scan in creating a computer model of the organ that is to undergo printing. It is the model that guides in printing a replacement organ layer by layer. These replacement organs are made up of cells and other biomaterials that help in holding the cells

Sheep Heart Dissection Physical Education Essay

Sheep Heart Dissection Physical Education Essay Like human hearts, a sheeps heart contains two atria and two ventricles. These four chambers work together to pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood to the rest of the body; this allows blood to circulate the body in a regular manner. The important reason for carrying out this experiment is to examine and understand the structural features of the heart which will help us appreciate how the heart operates. It is vital that location of both and exterior and interior vessels and chambers are clear before any dissection takes place. It is important to note that when looking at the heart its like looking at a mirror reflection, hence the right side of dissection is actually the left side of the heart and vice versa. From the anterior view the location of all four chambers (two upper atria and two lover ventricles) should be noted, the left and right side of the heart should be separated by a line of fat and vessels called the interventricular sulcus. The heart muscle, unlike the rest of the bodys muscle, is unique to its function. It requires no energy (ATP Æ’Â  ADP) in order to pump. Cardiac muscle has the characteristic automaticity, what this means is that the heart is under no influence of hormones of neurons for it to beat, the cells themselves have their own beating power. The hearts cells are part of a system known as the hearts conducting system. Special cells within the heart (part of the SA and AV nodes) are responsible for the heart beat, however if circumstances in the body change and the heart is required to pump more or less blood to the body then the autonomic nervous system plays a role via special nerves called the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. The heart circulates blood around the body, it is nothing but two pumps joined in a single organ. The left ventricular wall (left myocardium) is thinker than that of the right ventricular wall (right myocardium), this is due to the reason that the right side of the heart only pumps blood (deoxygenated) to the lungs, whereas the left side pumps blood (oxygenated) to the entire body. Materials and methods: Preserved sheep heart Dissecting pan Surgical scalpel Surgical scissors Dissection: The aim is to obtain a frontal section through the left and right side of the heart. During the dissection I had to be very cautious not to cut any valves of vessels that would result in negative results. I first located the interventricular sulcus; from there I identified the right ventricle and the left ventricle. The right side of the heart was to the left of the sulcus, after identifying the superior vena cava I then made an incision using the scissors through the vena cava till the top of the atrium. At this point using a scalpel would be easier, I therefore continued the incision using the scalpel through the wall of the right atrium down to the bottom of the right ventricle. The right side is now split into two part, I pulled these two apart and immediately identified the tricuspid valve that separated the atrium from the ventricle. The presence of the tricuspid valve indicated and confirmed that the incision was made through the right side of the heart. Moving on to the left side of the heart, I located the pulmonary artery and using the scalpel I made an incision through it down to the bottom of the left ventricle. The semi-lunar valve of the pulmonary vein was present, as was the bicuspid valve that separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. My final incision was made through the aorta; this incision was done to observe the aortic semi-lunar valve. Several pictures were taken for the results section. Results: Anterior (stern-costal) surface view Vena cava Pulmonary artery Right atrium Right ventricle Interventricular sulcus Pulmonary vein Aorta Left atrium Left ventricle Heart apex The left and the right sides of the heart are divided by a line called the interventricular sulcus. Right side of the heart: The picture on the right shows the tricuspid valve clearer than the one below it. Tricuspid valve Tendons Papillary muscles Right ventricle The below picture has been provided as the one above does not show ALL the right side of the heart. Tendons Wall of right ventricle (thinner than that of left ventricle) Vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid valve Semi-lunar valve From the picture above we can tell that the right ventricular wall is thinner than the left ventricular wall. The reason for this is due to how the heart works and how it circulates blood and to where (see introduction section on page 1). We can compare this picture to the one below, where the left ventricular wall is obviously thicker. Left side of the heart: Aorta Pulmonary vein (cut) Left atrium Bicuspid valve Tendons Papillary muscles Left ventricle (thick) Superior view of heart: Right atrium Vena cava Pulmonary vein Cardiac skeleton Aorta Left atrium Pulmonary artery Conclusion: The dissection was a relative success, all the chambers, vessels and valves were identified. After intense analysis of the interior of the heart , the heart has two sides, the right side of the heart received deoxygenated blood via the vena cava from the superior and inferior sides of the body. This deoxygenated blood travels through the vena cava into the right atrium, down the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. When the ventricles contract the deoxygenated blood in the right ventricle is pumped through the pulmonary artery passing the semi-lunar valve. This deoxygenated blood then travels to the capillaries of the lungs where they exchange waste products such as carbon dioxide for oxygen. The blood is not oxygen-rich therefore oxygenated. The oxygenated blood then travels from the capillaries of the lungs to the pulmonary vein which leads to the left atrium of the heart, once the oxygenated blood is in the left atrium it is pushed (atrium systole) through the bicuspid valves into the left ventricle when it is then further pumped (ventricular systole) though the aortic semi-lunar valves into the aorta where it is distributed to the rest of the body where oxygen is required. A lab and gloves was worn to prevent biological contamination, after the dissection the gloves were put into biological waste bins and hands were washed with antibacterial after taking off the labcoats. Evaluation: More dissection practice would bring more accurate results, although I have dissected a sheeps heart more than a few times. Different sizes of hearts would have portrayed the different sizes of valves and vessels; it would bring more attention to how the heart evolves. As this practical involved sharing a single sheeps heart between three students, room for error was encountered. Different cuts and incisions wanted to be made, however the results came out accurate.

Social Networking Dos and Donts Essay -- Facebook, Social Network

Social Networking sites and application are an increasingly entwined part of our everyday lives. We use them to communicate with friends and family all over the globe, to chat with friends down the hall to decide where to eat, to network for jobs, and to connect with others with similar interests. However, much like any other part of the internet, social networks can be frought with serious security risks, both for your person, and your data. Many social networks will tell you that the more you put into them (your information), the more you get out of them (connections, recommendations, etc.). However, despite the aura of privacy they try to engender, one must keep in mind that social network takes place in essentially public space, with only the barest of mechanisms providing any semblance of privacy. Even seemingly innocuous data shared with the world can be dangerous in the wrong hands. The best attitude to take in order to enjoy the benefits of social networking, while minimizing the inherent risks, is to remain SKEPTICAL and CAUTIOUS. SKEPTICAL of any requests for...

Gender Roles in Children’s Literature

Everything we read constructs us, makes us who we are, by presenting our image of ourselves as girls and women, as boys and men† – M. Fox It is a well known fact that children’s literature holds an important role in the development of young children. It has the power to teach, offer meaning and serve purpose all while being entertaining. Children’s literature is a widely available resource that offers children a plentitude of insightful information. Within the pages children’s books lies an immense resource of tools that aid in the development of character for children, and conveys.Gender is an important aspect of development and is a commonly explored theme in children’s literature. Children gain information from many sources such as teachers, family and friends, but they also gain it from literature. Like in every culture the roles of gender in America are an important part of its culture. Gender Identity is a crucial part of a child’ s development because it helps children to see themselves in relation to others. A child develops their sense of gender at a very early age, for most children gender identity begins to develop between 18 and 30 months.After a child has developed their sense of gender they begin to realize that gender is stabile; girls grow up to become woman and boys grow up to become men. By the time a child is the age of four or five they have come to prefer participating and playing in activities that are defined by society as gender appropriate. It is during childhood that children begin to fall victim of stereotypical behaviors. For example girls refusing to play with trucks or wear pant because it is not considered feminine by society. Lawrence Kohlberg an American Psychologist outlines the stages of gender development.Kohlberg outlines gender development in three stages. The first being Gender labeling, in this stage children identify others as male or female based on physical appearance. The second stage is when children begin to recognize that gender is stable over time; gender stability. And the third stage is gender consistency; children understand that gender is permanent. But what influences children to know what’s appropriate for their gender? The answer may be found in a theory known as Gender Schema. The Gender Schema is a psychological theory that explains how children develop their gender roles.This theory suggests that children learn about male and females roles from the society in which they live in. This theory also suggests that children adjust their gender behaviors to conform to the gender expectations of their culture. Children acquire cultural information about their gender roles from a variety of sources; parents, teachers, family, media and literature. Through literature children are exposed to characters that outline the expected behaviors for each gender. Children take the information given to them and then try to conform themselves to what is expected of them.Because of this children are unable to know their full potential, forcing them to abide within their given roles. Since the beginning of time gender has defined ones role in society. â€Å"Like class, race and ethnicity, gender shapes just about every part of our lives. † (Macions pg 90). Society places roles and expectations for each gender that are played in out in every aspect of life; home, school, work, playgrounds and literature. As children develop they are subjected to messages from society, which helps them to gain understanding of the world around them and molds them into their given roles.The way, in which gender roles are portrayed in children’s literature, significantly contributes to the development of children’s gender roles and how they are perceived by society. It is important to teach children about gender roles since it is something that society holds in regards, but most of the time in literature it is done unequally. The portrayal of gender in literature is based off of the expectations of society and places bias on gender. Boys are portrayed as strong, adventurous, independent and capable and often play the roles of fighters, adventurers and rescuers.Girls are portrayed as sweet, naive, dependent, sensitive and emotional and play roles such as caretakers, princesses and mothers. The roles of gender portrayed in literature are often a reflection of the views of society and do not offer objective insight. Even though it is important to teach children about gender roles, the fashion in which it is done in does not allow children to see beyond those expectations. If a young girl is constantly read stories about a woman’s role as a housewife, homemaker and mother, she will assume that’s what is expected of her and will not know society will allow her to be anything she wants to be.Gender roles in children’s literature are linked to gender stereotypes. Gender stereotypes have always been a part of society and are seen in almost every aspect of life. Stereotypes are defined as â€Å"exaggerated descriptions applied to every person in the same category. † (Macions p. 72). For every ethnic, racial and gender category society places stereotypes to describe certain groups of people. Gender stereotypes in children’s literature are portrayed in the traits, role behaviors, physical characteristics, and occupations of characters in children’s literature.The common messages in children’s literature about gender put emphasis on the traditional roles of men and woman. Unfortunately traditional roles are often unequal and place males as dominant over woman. Traditional gender encompasses the concept of masculinity and femininity. In many countries around the world, the traditional roles of gender are greatly valued. The traditional role of gender places woman as the homemakers and men as the provider. â€Å"Girls are always shown as passive and girls are always shown as being active. † (BookStove. com).With such emphasis on tradition, children’s literature does not allow children to see past the stereotypical expectations of society. It is no wonder why gender inequality in children’s literature is so prevalent when society places unequal views upon gender. Unfortunately much of the children’s literature today contains gender stereotypes as previously discussed. One would most likely assume that this is something of the past but it is as present today as it was in past decades. A reason for this could be that â€Å"Gender-role development is one of the most important areas of human development† (Noppe).Since gender roles are an important aspect of development for children, it is a significant topic in literature. However in the majority of children’s books the main characters are predominantly male, thus limiting opportunities for girls to identify with and validate their own gende r. The male gender has been the dominant of the two sexes since the beginning of time, which explains why male characters are dominant in children’s books. The majority of children’s books have a male as the main character, leaving females with the minority of literary experiences aimed for them. In an analysis of children’s book titles by S.Ernst it was â€Å"found that male names represented nearly twice as often as female names† (Tsao). Ernst also found that books that had gender neutral and girls names were actually about boys. Gender roles and stereotypes force young children to conform to traditional stereotypes regarding gender. Because of this, boys feel pressured to live up to the standards of masculinity while girls feel pressured to be feminine. Gender based beliefs are incorporated into a majority of literature written for children. Even though the stereotypical divide between males and females is not a large as it was 40 years ago, it is stil l present today. When they are repeatedly given stereotypical messages, their choices of what they want to become or accomplish is limited by these gender stereotypes† (Bookstove. com). Today both males and females are doctors, soldiers, teachers, athletes, government leaders, stay at home parents and much more, however this is not fully represented in children’s literature. Females in children’s literature are all too often â€Å"portrayed in a narrow and biased way† (Bookstove. com). Over the past few decades societal changes in gender roles have lead the stereotypical beliefs of gender to represent something different than what it used to.With so many changes in the views of society you would think that children’s literature would reflect these changes but all too often they do not. And most often the books that do challenge the beliefs of society draw great controversy causing them to be put on the back burner in favor of more traditional childr en’s books. The stereotypical roles of gender that are portrayed in children’s literature have been the cause of much controversy in recent years. However a solution to remedy the abundance of gender stereotypes in literature has not yet been reached.It is believed that the ideas of masculinity and femininity are too deeply embedded in society making it especially difficult to change. Every aspect of society is shadowed with stereotypical beliefs that are perceived through media, advertising, literature and socialization. These models are a constant reassure that exploits gender stereotypes. According to Bookstove. com, guidelines were implemented in an attempt to eliminate sexist roles in children’s literature. These guidelines were expected to encourage a healthier development of gender for young children but unfortunately did not persist to combat the situation.Thus making it evident, that stereotypes are too deeply rooted in society. It will be interesting t o see how the issue pans out over the coming decades. Gender identity is a crucial part of a child’s development and will most likely remain a common theme amongst children’s literature. The views of gender depicted in literature may prevent children from participating in activities that would best suit their capabilities and personalities. It is important to understand and learn the expectations of society but children’s literature does not fully allow children to develop concepts of individuality.Today society places value on individuality and does not limit life chances to certain genders, but this is all too often not shown in children’s literature. In order to help children in the process of gender identity one must realize that children need chances to interpret the world around them without the insight and beliefs of society. Hopefully in time children’s literature will steer away from the stereotypical beliefs of gender and focus on non-tra ditional gender roles, allowing children to see themselves in many different aspects.Works Cited Macions, John J. Social Problems. New York: Pearson, 2008. Noppe, Illene C. social. jrank. org. 1 December 2010 . Tsao, Ya-Lun. â€Å"Gender Issues in Young Children's Literature. † Reading Improvement (2008). â€Å"Unknown. † 12 3 2007. Bookstove. com. 5 December 2010 . â€Å"Gender Development: Gender Schema Theory. † Encyclopedia of Women and Gender: Sex Similarities and Differences and the Impact of Society on Gender. Oxford: Elsevier Science ; Technology, 2001. Credo Reference. Web. 06 December 2010. Fox, M. (1993). Men who weep, boys who dance: The gender agenda between the lines in children’s literature. Language Arts, 70 (2), 84-88. [EJ457107].

Course Outline Faculty of Science and Technology Essay Example

Course Outline Faculty of Science and Technology Essay Example Course Outline Faculty of Science and Technology Essay Course Outline Faculty of Science and Technology Essay This class is designed to supply techniques and cognition for making competitory concern. pull offing planetary or local corporations. adding concern value and supplying utile merchandise and services to intended clients. Subjects include: Enterprise Applications. Systems for Supply Chain Management. Customer Relationship Management. Knowledge Management Systems. Digital Integration. Internet Technology. Database – Design and Implement in an bing Database Management System. COURSE OBJECTIVES: Upon successful completion of this class. pupils will be able to: 1. 1. 1 Knowledge a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. Describe the function of information systems in today’s competitory concern environment Explain information systems from both proficient and concern position Examine the transforming consequence of information systems on organisations and direction Explain the impact of cyberspace engineering and the World Wide Web on the Digital house Describe the functions of persons in the concern procedure Describe the types of concern constructions and how they function and serve patronages. Explain the importance of effectual troughs and the functions they play in the concern success and the development of advanced services and merchandises Identify the impact. usefulness and benefit afforded concerns through electronic commercialism Examine privateness issues and the ways in which to procure a concern and its stakeholders from privateness misdemeanors. Identify menaces of invasion and other signifiers of system misdemeanor that exists through external beginnings such as viruses. Describe salient differences between direction and information engineering specializers and how these differences are mitigated. Explain the assorted degrees of direction and the alone systems and constructions that are critical to these degrees Explain the Rationale for developing and keeping systems which are dependable. scalable. portable and secure.

Surviving the Mountain essays

Surviving the Mountain essays Throughout my life I have spent a good amount of time in the wilderness and I've learned a lot of lessons while there. I learned the most when I was fourteen and spent five weeks at a wilderness camp in Durango, Colorado. We did everything from horseback riding to canoe trips to learning what water we should and shouldn't drink. We even had a emergency while scaling down a mountain when a fellow camper created an avalanche because he took a wrong path down the mountain. He was struck in the back by a small bolder so the other campers and I built a makeshift gurney from our backpack frames to carry him down the mountain. He was later air lifted by helicopter from the base of the mountain and fortunately he wasn't significantly injured. Never the less, my experience on that mountain taught me a lot about mental strength and staying calm while under stress. Even with the danger I encountered, I wouldn't change a thing about my time in Durango. In fact, it prepared me for what I was to f ace my senior year of high school during what was meant to be a bonding experience in the Stanislaus National Forest. Alex was in my high school class and went with us to Stanislaus National Forest. He was normally a quiet guy but was fired up during an impromptu game of pigskin. I don't even remember who threw the pass, but I can still see Alex stretched out for the ball, accidentally wedging his foot under a log that was hidden in the tall grass. The log stopped him in his path like a doorstop. Alex yelled out in pain immediately as he grabbed his ankle. I could tell this was no small sprain. It was the worst case scenario. What had once started as a bonding experience had now turned into a rescue mission. It was earlier that morning I had looked around my surroundings in a almost guilty manner knowing how lucky I was to be experiencing Mother Nature and the beautiful views. Once we had come to conclusion Alex's ankle was probably broken, ...

Malware Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Malware - Essay Example In this case, the malware is used to track and gather statistics and information. Malware have the ability to run without being shutdown, detected or deleted. Malware such as Adware has a privacy invasive characteristic. In this case, the malware displays, plays and downloads advertisements automatically. Malware such as Backdoor have secure remote computer access characteristics. In this case, they can circumvent regular authentication processes (Aquilina, Casey & Malin, 2008). Malware usually infect a computer through executable software. They target a system without the authorization or consent of a user. Running a software or system that is infected by a malware provides opportunities for the malware to spread. A malware needs a user to run an infected system or program in order to facilitate its spread to other executables (Dunham & Abu-Nimeh, 2009). For instance, the Valentine’s Day virus is spread when a user opens an email that has been infected with the virus (Skoudis & Zeltser, 2004). Users are usually compelled to open these emails because they have enticing messages. The aim of the virus was to spread in the computer and capture financial and personal

Talk Talk Plc and its Service Marketing Literature review

Talk Talk Plc and its Service Marketing - Literature review Example ecided on maintaining market transparency and competition rather than resort to prescriptive regulation to protect consumers’ interests (Annual Report 2011, p. 11). 2.1.3 The UK government has made it a priority to support and fund the rollout of superfast broadband networks in rural communities. This should aid in the development of viable markets in places in the UK which were considered economically unfeasible (Annual Report 2011, p. 9). 2.2 Economic 2.2.1 The protracted recovery in the broad economy and the continued economic weakness in the European region will continue to influence the performance of UK business in general, including internet service providers (Annual Report 2011). 2.2.2 Competition is fierce such that if network services proved unreliable compared to the rival firms, this creates customer churn (turnover). The cost of switching among ISP services is low and therefore customers may easily abandon their service in favour of a rival firm (Annual Report 201 1). 2.3 Social 2.3.1 Social networking continues to gain momentum among internet users, aside from the growing dependence on the internet as a source of information for work and school. In addition, the continued popularity of television as a broadcast entertainment medium presents an opportunity for the convergence of television content with ISP services (Annual Report 2011). 2.4 Technological 2.4.1 Data security and integrity is a continuing concern in the digital telecommunications industry. Loss of customer data attributable to data protection breaches may damage the firm’s reputation and cause the imposition of fines (Annual Report 2011). 2.4.2 The development in fibre optic technology has begun to push demand for fibre access, precipitating the need for wholesale product development that... This essay discusses that TalkTalk is presently making a bid to gain higher quality service and thereby improve the profit margins, even at the expense of losing 43,000 or more customers who have chosen the company only on the basis of low prices. By doing so, the firm adopts a bolder strategy that accomplishes the twin purpose of (1) adjusting from weaknesses created by the recent demerger on the one hand, and (2) assuming a better position to address the increasingly competitive environment in the face of a challenging regulatory and economic environment. PESTEL shows that there are challenges as well as opportunities which face the entire industry. SWOT shows that TalkTalk is equipped with strengths in the form of technological innovations and strategic partnerships, and that its weaknesses are being remedied by adopting a revised strategic outlook and resolving its problems with service quality, customer billing problems, and lacklustre performance. TalkTalk is innovating in its service product, has the advantage of place and time, is rethinking its price strategy, and linking promotional efforts in a meaningful way to people’s economic realities. Process, physical evidence and people are seen to support the innovations being adopted in the product strategy. Finally, the firm is adopting more profitable service strategies as defined by Lovelock and Wirtz in building loyal ties based on quality, adopting greater transparency in handling complaints, and providing enhanced service quality and productivity.

The Cold Fusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Cold Fusion - Essay Example The assumption was that the environment of transitional metal deuterides makes fusions of two deuterons realistic, increasing their probabilities by a certain magnitude. The research drew a lot of criticism about its reality making several energy researchers and engineers around the world dive into the issue. The future of energy resources had been a bother among the industrial nations on how to tap energy for industries and households. If Fleischmann and Pons hypothesis was true, it could solve the energy issues. Cold fusion is hence a proposed type of nuclear reaction that is believed to occur at relatively low temperatures unlike hot fusion. However, its destiny is unclear (Kozima 11-16). Nuclear fusion occurs at super high temperatures, super high environment and requires big sets of apparatus which are extremely expensive. As a new type of nuclear reaction, cold fusion was proposed to explain reports by experiments of unusually high generation of energy under specific laboratory conditions. Researchers have continued to conduct investigations of cold fusion and have found out that the interaction of hydrogen or deuterium with Palladium, Nickel or Platinum produces excess heat effects under extreme conditions. The original reports failed to replicate consistently and reliably causing the rejection by mainstream media. Fleishmann and Pons discovery eventually became invalid as it had not actually detected the by products of nuclear reactions (Fleishmann, and Pons 301-308). Trombay initiated experiments in 1989 to verify the claims of cold fusion. Large busts of neutrons were detected with a Pd-Ni electrolyte cell. Significant amount of neutrons and tritium were found to be produced in gas loaded Ti and Pd samples. D2 loaded Ti disc targets have also revealed some hot spots indicating an uneven distribution of tritium production in the near surface region. Trombay experiments have confirmed the occurrence of cold fusion reaction in both Pd and Ti metallic lat tices loaded with deuterium at certain temperatures. Neutron emission has also been observed even when the electrolytic cell is switched off or when there are no externally induced processes like heating, cooling and evacuation are effected (Kozima 11-16). Findings The main product of cold fusion reactions is Tritium. However, its presence inside the palladium electrodes has not been quantitatively evaluated. Cold fusion can be characterised as being ‘aneutronic’ with a neutron to tritium channel branching ratio of less than 10-8. Neutrons from electronically loaded Pd and gas loaded Ti are emitted one at a time. It is hence unclear whether the neutrons are generated in the D-D fusion itself or produced in a secondary reaction involving energetic protons or tritons. Autoradiography of loaded gas loaded Ti targets demonstrates both the occurrence of cold fusion and tritium production. The estimated tritium to deuterium isotopic ratios is several orders of magnitude highe r in the initial stock D2O. There is a high concentration of tritium on localised regions or hot spots on the target surface as well as along the periphery of the disc. The high probability of tritium branch in cold D-D fusion reactions indicate processes of neutron transfer across the potential barrier (Report on the workshop on cold fusion, June 3). Some departments of energy like the U.S Department have reported on the inadequate conviction of experiments done by earlier scholars. Based on the review of published reports, reprints, journals and many communications, the results of the experiments of excess heat with the calorimetric cells do not present convincing evidence that useful source of energy would result from the results attributed from cold fusion. Similar

Discuss in Detail Ways in Which Variations in the English Language Reflect the Society They Are Situated in Essay Example for Free

Discuss in Detail Ways in Which Variations in the English Language Reflect the Society They Are Situated in Essay Discuss in detail ways in which variations in the English language reflect the society they are situated in. According to Walt Wolfram, â€Å"Language sows its own seeds of change. Social context gives it the fertile ground to grow and spread.† The global spread of English has inevitably led to the formation of new varieties such as Singlish and Hinglish, which are different in their own ways. The differences among these variations, in terms of lexical choice, structure and even pronunciation, are due to the different context and needs of the societies. These include the economical incentive of English in the society, social groups and their cultural make up. The economic incentive of learning English in the society plays a big role in the type of variation that distinguishes the new Englishes from other varieties. With the affluent and powerful recognizing the importance of English to connect, be a part of the global platform and even acquire well paying jobs, the aspiring middle class, who makes up the majority in any societies, would find it very lucrative to learn English, so as to be associated with them. However, in most societies where English is considered a foreign language, learning it in language school is very expensive and usually is an option for the wealthy. As a result, they would pick up bits and pieces of lexical items from the English language, and use it in their speech, maintaining the structure of their native language. An example would be Hinglish, where â€Å"my head is eating circles, is a direct translation of mera sir chakkar kha raha hai., effectively keeping the structure of Hindi. In India, majority of good Standard English speakers are from the upper class due to the exorbitant fees of the language schools. As such, the variation of English in this case reflects the economical incentives and the income gap in the society, where there is a negative association of the variety due to speakers not being able to afford the education of Standard English. In Text B(i), lexical chain pertaining to negativity is adopted to be referred to code mixed languages. They i nclude, â€Å"gutter- speak†, â€Å"bad† and â€Å"consequence† However, as the use of the variation used by the lower and middle class increase due to the population distribution, it might lead to the acceptance of the dialect in the whole society, then coming up with a more organized and uniform variety that most members of society would understand. This uniformity of the variety reflects the social acceptance of the variation. In Text B(i), semantic field of uniqueness is adopted to

Catcher in the Rye Essay: Eight Early Reviews :: Catcher Rye Essays

Eight Early Reviews of The Catcher in the Rye      Ã‚  Ã‚   Published in 1951, J. D. Salinger's debut novel, The Catcher in the Rye, was one of the most controversial novels of its time. The book received many criticisms, good and bad. While Smith felt the book should be "read more than once" (13), Goodman said the "book is disappointing" (21). All eight of the critics had both good and bad impressions of the work. Overall, the book did not reflect Salinger's ability due to the excessive vulgarity used and the monotony that Holden imposed upon the reader.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Agreeing with Smith was Stern, saying "the book should be read again." There are many reasons for accepting this comment. Peterson, for example, felt that Holden Caulfield's "spirit is intact," while Stern enjoyed Phoebe's good personality.   Phoebe was important because she "preserve[d] Holden's innocence" (Jones). In the end, she keeps Holden at home with his family - after all, who knows what Holden could be up to, living by himself? He has been "trying to live up to his height, to drink with men, to understand mature sex and why he is still a virgin at his age" (Smith 13). It is because of this personality, that Salinger is able to "make the reader chuckle" (Breit). Phoebe is also important to Holden because he "finds a human warmth in [her]" (Engle).      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Despite all these positives, many critics felt the book was lacking a great deal. There were many reasons given for not liking The Catcher in the Rye: the vulgarity, the monotony, and the immature personality of the protagonist. To put it bluntly, "one expects something more" out of Salinger (Goodman 21).      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All through the book, Holden, as well as his "friends", uses vulgar language. Because of this, Longstreth feels the book is "not fit for children." Although vulgar language is used in the real world, it was very rarely encountered in literature. Other critics agreed with Longstreth, Peterson said the book was "obscene," while Smith warned readers "be advised to let the book alone" if they are bothered by this language. It is Jones' feeling that this language could only be mouthed by a "disturbed adolescent," and that Holden is "immoral and perverted" (Longstreth).      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The language was only part of the problem. The book, in many critics' eyes, was monotonous.

Jewish Art :: essays research papers

Jewish Art On many occasions art has the power to tell a story or even express how someone feels. The speaker on Jewish art was very interesting. She translates many Jewish stories and commandments while portraying it through art. Very few people can accomplish this but I thought she did a pretty good job of it. Her pieces once explained told great stories of Jewish history. One thing that I found very iteresting was her idea of adding new riuals to the jewish religion through her art. I'm glad that I have always liked art because it helped me to understand her feelings towards it. The speaker showed a lot of enthusiasm and love for her art. She seemed to be very care-free and almost worry free. I though she was very cool and really did a good job of expressing her feelings toward her art. One important aspect of her art was that for her seeing her pieces come out of a fire was a reward in itself. She was not in it for the mmoney or material rewards. I think a lot of times people are only in it for material reward and it gets in the way of great art. It seems to me that this helped her to become such a good artist   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Her focus was mainly on very well known Jewish objects. Some of these include Menorahs, Sadaka boxes, and Mezuzahs. These where very evident part of her slide show. All of them were very obscure and odd looking but each told a storyf which only she knew. At first glance they were not so great but after her explanation they became beautiful.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Her idea of creating new rituals for our religion through art really striked me. I found her ideas to be very interesting because it was som   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I think that many times Judaism is expressed through art because there are so many beliefs on what it means to be a Jew. Many people cant explain how they fell in words so , in this case, a more fun and interesting way was used. Even though many religious people don't agree with this way of expression I feel that it is obviously better than nothing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was evident that the Holocaust Had a major influence on her works. She said that she liked the fact that even after her pieces were burned they

American Agriculture DBQ

Industrialism drove our country to advance and develop quickly from 1865 to 1900. All aspects of society felt the impacts. Agriculture in America, experienced these new effects, changing completely the way it was conducted in the states. As technology increased, and the invention of new tools came about, farming was able to commercialize and become more efficient. Economic conditions of this time, hindered the farmers profitability and growth. New policies enforced by the government in this era sought out to help agriculture, but on occasion angered the farmers.Agriculture in the states changed drastically from 1865 to 1900. Technological advances boomed starting in the 1860’s, totally improving the ways of American agriculture. Railroads were growing in size, and allowed for transportation of crops to become exponentially more efficient. A map showed the amount of railroads in 1870 compared to 1890; they tripled in size. (Doc B) Cyrus Mccormick was an inventor and farmer duri ng this era. It was his idea to build the first combine. This basically created a quicker harvesting process of crops.Mccormick wasn’t the only one innovating in this time. 1n 1868, James Oliver invented the steel plow. This was yet another tool, which increased the speed at which one could gather crops. Corbis Bettmann took a photo of a wheat harvest in 1880. A plow similar to Oliver’s was being dragged behind several horses in order to collect as much wheat as possible quickly. (Doc D) However, it wasn’t just crops that were being shipped out faster. Cattle and all livestock were being grown and slaughtered at greater rates.In 1884, Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, published an article describing slaughtering capacity at a local Chicago establishment. It stated that it had â€Å"†¦ a slaughtering capacity of 400,000 head annually. † (Doc F) They were raising livestock faster than ever before. Economic conditions in the US hindered the agricult ural growth during this era. Prices and inflation were uncertain and ever-changing, causing strife in the farming communities. Over the course of 35 years the prices of crops

Advantages and Disadvantages of Direct Selling Essays

Advantages and Disadvantages of Direct Selling Essays Advantages and Disadvantages of Direct Selling Paper Advantages and Disadvantages of Direct Selling Paper Advantages and Disadvantages of Direct Selling: Perspectives of Both Tourism Operators and Tourists The growth of the internet has made direct selling easier and faster for both tour operators and tourists. According to Frost (2004) the fascination with new technology has changed the way tourism providers interact and trade with their customers. The primary focus for this essay is to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of direct selling for travel and tour management. In this essay, the perspectives of both tourism operators and tourists will be considered. This essay will be presented in four sections. The first section will outline direct selling and identify the users of direct selling. The second section will discuss the advantages and disadvantages for a tourist using direct selling. The third section will discuss the advantages and disadvantages for a tourism provider using direct selling. Finally, the essay will be concluded summarising the key advantages and disadvantages for direct selling. In the past, travel agents have been an intermediary for tourists and tourism sellers. Travel agents have been used by tourists to access a wide range of tourism service providers; likewise tourism providers have used travel agents to gain access to numerous customers (Frost, 2004). Due to the extreme competition in the tourism industry, tourism providers are looking to cut costs in order to win over customers with lower prices. This is currently being done by cutting down on the commission costs payed to intermediary such as travel agents and introducing direct selling. In recent years the rapid growth and vast accessibility of the internet has allowed the transition to direct selling to take over. The internet creates availability and accessibility for tourists and tourism providers to do business while providing equivalent information at a lower cost than a travel agent can (Bennett Lai, 2005). Moreover, Frost (2004) identifies four methods of direct selling other than the internet where tourism businesses are able to get in contact and do business with tourists, these include: use of the telephone, increased use of credit cards, the development of call centres and the development of customer loyalty programs. Each of these function have the ability to facilitate direct selling and put the tourism seller directly in touch with the purchaser. However, for many tourism businesses, airlines in particular, the internet has become the primary method for direct selling (Law Leung, 000, as cited in Frost, 2004) Tourism businesses are generally able to easily create their own websites on the internet to attract, interact and make transactions with potential tourists without using an agent. According to Bennett and Lai (2005) the internet has given tourism providers such as hotels the opportunity to cut out intermediaries by providing facilities for direct booking via their websites. Hotels and airlines are service providers who make notable use of direct selling over the internet. According to Howard and Harris (2001) travel products are one of the most popular products and services available on the internet as they do not require the customer to feel, smell, try on or test before purchasing and the product does not need to be sent to the buyer. Many tourism businesses provide the opportunity to purchase tourism products or services directly via their websites. A study by Dolnicar and Laesser (2007) revealed that 64. 4% Swiss tourists purchase tickets for scheduled flights departing from local airports directly from suppliers in comparison to 35. % who purchase from travel agents, similarly only 33. 2% of Swiss tourists purchase tickets for ships and cruises from travel agents. This data shows that many tourists are moving away from the traditional use of travel agents and further towards direct purchasing. Webber and Wesley (1999) found that the types of tourists most likely to be using the internet to purchase directly form tourism sellers are usually between the ages of 26 and 55, have high incomes, are employed in management, professional or computer related positions and have more experience on the internet. However it is important to note here that this research was conducted in 1999 and results today may differ. A tourist will experience advantages when purchasing tourism products and services directly from the seller. The most apparent advantage that a tourist encounters is lower cost. As the seller is not required pay commissions to an intermediary, products and services become cheaper and the tourist will benefit from the lower cost. The availability of cheaper tourism products is a certain advantages for tourists. As the purchase is often a high involvement purchase, tourists tend to shop around for the best available offers. The introduction of direct selling has forced prices in the tourism industry down therefore creating more competition for sellers but better prices for buyers. Direct selling has also allowed the industry of low cost airlines to evolve and create greater savings and advantages for tourist. Dolnicar and Laesser (2007) found that direct selling over the internet also allows tourists to communicate with suppliers regarding information about the product or service and allows them to make transactions at any time and any place. For many tourists the convenience of direct selling online is a key advantage. The ability to purchase at all hours of the day and night and from any where in the world is one of the significant attractions to online direct selling. Many tourists work long hours and are not able to get to a travel agent during open hours; this feature of convenience is a huge incentive to book directly with supplier. There are also disadvantages tourists experience when using the internet to purchase directly from sellers. According to Frost (2004) the internet is considered by some to be: impersonal, inflexible, frustrating, not always convenient, not always available and risky. Frost (2004) explains that many people would prefer to talk to a real person when planning travel rather than a computer screen, as people value the reassurance of personal advice. Many tourists appreciate the independence of an intermediary who does not work for the supplier and will give true, unbiased advice. Intermediaries such as travel agents are able to make tourists feel comfortable when purchasing tourism products as they are able to offer lots of different options from many suppliers. Frost (2004) also identifies that for some people the internet can be difficult to use as some websites do not allow certain people to access it and may lack the information required to complete bookings. Some websites of tourism suppliers are confusing to use as they may use technical language and have too much information. People who do not use the internet as frequently as others often have difficulties with making bookings online. Therefore, tourists often prefer to use a travel agent or intermediaries as they are able to perform all of the difficult and time consuming tasks that the tourist can not. According to Frost (2004) some tourists acting as their own travel agent risk losing the accuracy, knowledge and speed that an agent offers. Travel agents are specially trained in understanding the industry and are available for tourists to use to gain information from. The final disadvantage experienced by tourists to be discussed is the risk of fraud. According to Frost (2001) many tourists have concerns when purchasing online and giving out personal information such as credit card details. It is a well known fact that some people do experience fraudulent behaviour when spending money online. This can be a high risk that a tourist takes when purchasing from an unknown supplier. This disadvantage of purchasing directly from a supplier may prevent some tourists from utilising this facility and choosing to use a trusted agent. When tourism suppliers sell directly to the tourist, the seller will also experience advantages and disadvantages. The foremost advantage experienced by a supplier selling to a tourist involves lower costs. These lower costs are often experienced due to the reduction in costs of commissions and distribution costs. Dolnicar and Laesser (2007) complement these advantages by including higher revenues and a larger potential market to the advantages of a supplier selling via a webpage or directly to the tourist. Bennett and Lai (2005) found that suppliers reduce costs by cutting out the ‘middleman’ or intermediaries such as travel agents. As previously discussed, travel agents and intermediaries work based on the commission paid to them by the seller for selling to tourists on their behalf. By cutting out the intermediary and selling directly to the tourist, large savings can be made by the tourism supplier. These cost reduction will not only increase revenues, but allow the tourism supplier to be more competitive within the industry. Further advantages of supplying online include the little to no capital investment required and the effectiveness of promotion and distribution through video clips, virtual tours and images (Bennett and Lai, 2005). Websites make communicating with tourists cost and time effective with online contact facilities such as online bookings email responses. Sellers are also able to provide all required information on the web page including frequently asked questions so that the buyer does not have to contact the supplier. The use of images and videos provide more depth to what the tourist is purchasing and allows the tourist to interpret the information. According to Bennett and Lai (2005) some suppliers, airlines in particular, benefit from direct selling as the internet reduces the cost of producing tickets. As tickets booked online are all created electronically, the supplier saves in the costs of printing the ticket and distributing the ticket. Further research has found that suppliers are choosing to improve their service by creating customer loyalty programs that allows the business to keep record of past users (Bennett Lai, 2005). These customer loyalty programs not only benefit tourist, but they allow the supplier to keep a close eye on where and when the customer is travelling. Once the tourism busiesses knows who the customer is they are able to target them with promotions for future travel. This shows that if the seller was not directly in touch with the tourist, their customer knowledge would be limited and future promotion would be more difficult. Common customer loyalty programs in the tourism industry include frequent flyer programs and hotel rewards clubs. These loyalty programs usually reward customers for repeat business with discounts, perks and upgrades therefore encourages the customer to continue to use the business. The disadvantages of suppliers selling directly to tourists have also been considered. These disadvantages include the costs of maintaining websites and support facilities whilst trying to keep the tourism business running. Many tourism busiesses, particularly smaller businesses find it easier to leave the sales and customer service duties to experienced agents so that they are free to do what they do best. Although most large tourism organisations such as airlines have developed departments especially for direct selling, smaller businesses such as tour operators may not have the capacity or facilities to conduct direct business with tourists. Dolnicar and Laesser (2007) found that the costs in maintaining websites, the use of information technology support and the usage of internet channels often becomes costly to some tourism businesses. It is important for the tourism supplier to ensure that websites are constantly up dated and all applications and purchasing functions are working properly and easy for the tourist to use. In addition, the tourism supplier must ensure that the business is advertised in the best possible media outlet to guarantee high customer coverage. In conclusion, this essay has revealed that the growth of the internet is allowing communication between tourists and tourism sellers to be much easier and widely available. Key advantages for tourist purchasing tourism products through directly include lower purchasing costs and the convenience of purchasing from any where at any time. However the disadvantages of purchasing directly include the lack of personalisation and trust, the inconvenience of time wastage and the risk of fraud. Key advantages of tourism businesses selling directly to busiesses involve the reduction of costs paid to intermediaries and an increase in customer loyalty. However disadvantages to tourism businesses include higher competition and the costs of maintaining websites. This essay has shown that although direct selling and the internet and is steering customers away from the use of intermediaries such as travel agents, there are still many advantages and disadvantages to both suppliers and tourists when doing business together. References: Bennett, M. M. Lai. C. K. (2005). The impact of the internet on travel agencies in Taiwan. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 6(1), 8-23. Frost, W. (2004). Travel and tour management, Melbourne: Hospitality Press. Howard, J. Harris, R. (2001). The Australian travel agency (3rd Ed. ). Roseville, N. S. W: McGraw-Hill Book Company Australia. Dolnicar, S. Laesser, C. (2007). Travel agency marketing strategy: insights from Switzerland. Journal of Travel Research, 46, 133-146. DOI:10. 1177/0047287507299573 Webber, K. Wesley, R. (1999). Profiling people searching for and purchasing travel products on the World Wide Web. Journal of Travel Research, 37, 291-298.